Catalog: KH0033 (AS031, UR1031, UR044)

Section Information
Statistics:
Aliases:   AS031, UR1031, UR044
Contributors:  Marcia & Robert Ascher
Museum:  Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Museum Number:  32.70.30/F851
Provenance:  La puntilla, between Paracas and Pisco
Region:  Unknown 		# of Groups & Cords:   9 Groups, 87 Cords - (54p, 33s)
# of Unique Cord Colors:  8
Benford Match:  0.8346
# Ascher Sums (pps, ips, cps, sps,...):  24 (13, 0, 7, 2,...)
Similar Khipu:  Previous (KH0205)  Next (KH0141)
   KH0033 (AS031, UR1031, UR044)
Pendant Pendant Sum
Colored Pendant Sum
Subsidiary Pendant Sum
Group Sum Bands
Ascher Decreasing Group
DataFile:
KH0033
Notes:
Ascher Databook Notes:
  1. This khipu can be viewed as six groups of 8 pendants (assuming that it is the 4th pendant in the 5th group that is not present) with 3 additional pendants (1, 41, 42) and a final group of 4 blank pendants (51-54). Referring to them as groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, the following regularities are noted:
    1. All pendants in a group are the same color. Group 5 is LB/W and the rest are W.
    2. For all 6 groups, there are subsidiaries on pendants 2 and 5.
    3. For all 6 groups, the values of pendants 2 and 5 are between 77 and 158 while the values of the other six pendants are each less than 59. When subsidiary values are added to pendant values, the values of positions 2 and 5 are increased so that they are between 120 and 163(+?), but the values of the other 6 positions remain less than 59. Alternate groups show similarities:
      • For groups 1, 3, 5:  P5 > P2 > P4 ≥ P3 > {P7,P8 ; Pl=8}
      • While for groups 2, 4, 6:  P2 > P5 > P3 > P4; P4=16
      • For groups 3, 5:  Pl=8 ; P2=77; P5=83
      • While for groups 4, 6:  P4=16; P5=90; P6=4
  2. There seem to be an excessive number of values that are multiples of 8 or 11. Of forty-four unbroken, nonzero pendant values, 12 are multiples of 8, and 8 are multiples of 11. When subsidiary values and pendant values are considered, of sixty-five values, fifteen are multiples of 8 and twelve are multiples of 11. The multiples of 8 that appear are 8, 16, 24, 3 2, 40, and 120. The multiples of 11 are 11, 33, 44, 55, 77, and 132.
Bibliography:

Bibliography for KH0033 (AS031, UR1031, UR044):

Year Author Title Pages
1978 Ascher, Marcia, and Robert Ascher. Code of the Quipu: Databook. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor. Text: 118-123
1981 Ascher, Marcia, and Robert Ascher. Code of the Quipu: A Study in Media, Mathematics, and Culture. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Text: 121
1983 Ascher, Marcia. The Logical-Numerical System of Inca Quipus. Annals of the History of Computing 5:268–278. DOI: 10.1109/MAHC.1983.10090 Figures: fig.3 (p.272)
2007 Cabrera Ibarra, Hugo; Rosu Barbus, Haret C.; Torres González, Luis A. & Treviño Gutiérrez, J. Pablo. "La codificación de los Quipus incas". Ciencia : Revista de la Academia Mexicana de Ciencias. ). Figures: 32
2014 Cherkinsky, Alexander, and Gary Urton. Radiocarbon Chronology of Andean Khipus. Open Journal of Archaeometry 2(5260):32-36. Text: 34
2024 FitzPatrick, Mackinley. Misadventures with Khipu Naming Conventions. In Situ: News and Events of the Harvard Standing Committee on Archaeology, Spring 2024:20-24. Text: 24; Figures: fig.6,7 (p.24)
1994 Katz, Victor J. Ethnomathematics in the classroom. For the Learning of Mathematics 14(2):26-30. Figures: 30
1999 Pacheco RĂ­os, Oscar. Del quipu incaico a la yupana : el computador ancestral. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Editorial CEPDI. Figures: 10
2006 Searle Hernández, Guillermo. "Las primeras anudaciones: el quipo y la yupana, antecesores históricos de los ordenadores en el Imperio Inca: los quipocamayocs, “funcionarios informáticos” incas". Boletic. ). Figures: 101
1995 Stone-Miller, R. Art of the Andes: From ChavĂ­n to Inca. Thames & Hudson. Figures: 185
2011 Urton, Gary, and Carrie J. Brezine. Khipu Typologies. In Their Way of Writing: Scripts, Signs, and Pictographies in Pre-Columbian America, edited by Elizabeth Hill Boone and Gary Urton, pp. 319–352. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington. Text: 348
2017 Urton, Gary. Inka History in Knots: Reading Khipus as Primary Sources. University of Texas Press, Austin. Text: 263
1966 Willey, Gordon R. An Introduction to American Archaeology: South America, Vol. 2. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. Figures: fig.3.122 (p.183)
2007 Witkowski, Olaf. Essai de décryptage des cordelettes quipus utilisées par les Incas comme moyen de communication: Un exemple d’ethno-cryptographie (Doctoral dissertation, Master’s thesis, Université Catholique de Louvain). Text: 97